Abe Ryu was a martial art style of sword fighting, kenjutsu. In the seveneeth century, it added kendo to its syllabus becoming the oldest continuing traditional kendo school.

Abumi - the stirrups on a horse saddle.

Achi - the arch of the foot. The arch is on the botton side of the foot.

Agari - rising.

Age - to lift or raise up, to elevate. It comes from ageru.

Age empi uchi - rising elbow strike. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Hachikyu.

Age kote is a kendo term used for when the kendo gloves, the kote, finish a strike while remaining above the lower abdomen.

Age oroshi - to move something up and down or to raise and lower something.

Age tsuki - rising thrust.

Age uchi - rising strike. It is used to mean an uppercut punch.

Age uke - rising block.

Age zuki - rising punch. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Shichikyu.

Ago - the jaw or chin.

Ago oshi - to push an opponent's chin upward to destroy his balance or to put his body out of alignment.

Agura is an informal cross legged sitting position.

Ai - to join, to fit together, meeting or harmony.

Aiguchi is a knife without a hand guard.

Ai hanmi translates as same or matched stance. It is used to mean that two individuals are both facing each other in right foot forward stances or left foot forward stances.

Aiki is a term translating as 'spirit meeting'. This - the joining together or blending of two or more individuals. In a martial arts context, this - going with or redirecting the energy of an attack rather than directly resisting the attack.

Aikibudo - harmonious energy martial way. It was a term used by Ueshiba before settling on the term Aikido.

Aikido - spirit meeting way. It is a derivitative martial way from a jujutsu style called Daito-ryu. It was created by Ueshiba Morihei during the 1930's and 1940's.Aiki jo translates as the short stick of aikido.

Aikidoka is an individual who practices aikido.

Aiki jinja - the Aiki Shrine.

Aiki jujutsu - harmonious energy supple art. Used as a generic term for all of the styles descended from Daito Ryu.

Aikikai Hombu Dojo is the name of the World Headquarters of the largest aikido organization. It is the main training hall of the founder of Aikido, Uyeshiba.

Aiki ken translates as harmonious energy or blending sword.

Aiki nage - blending throw.

Aiki no kurai - the highest consciousness of harmonious energy.

Aiki no sen - the initative of harmonious energy. It is used to mean benefiting strategically from an opponent's attitude.

Aiki otoshi translates as spirit meeting drop. It is a hip throw similar to Kodokan Judo's koshi nage except that uke goes backward over the thrower's hip.

Aikite - harmony hand.

Aikuchi - a dagger with out a guard, tsuba. They were typically worn by women.

Ai noke - mutual preservation.

Ainu are the aboriginal people who were the original people living in Japan before the modern Japanese arrived. They are also called Ebisu or Ezo. They were pushed North as the modern Japanese expanded their control of the Japanese islands.

Ainuke - a relationship with another that prevents fighting due to both individuals having similar mental attitudes.

Aio Ryu was a martial art style of jujutsu.

Aisu Kage Ryu was a martial art style of sword fighting, kenjutsu.

Aite - uniting hand or joining hand. It is sometimes used to mean a training partner partner or opponent.

Aite juji ukemi - uniting crossing falling. It is also translated as partner figure ten arm lock falling.

Ai tsuki is a term meaning simultaneous meeting thrusts by both fighters.

Ai uchi is a term meaning simultaneous strikes by both fighters. No point is awarded to either contestant. The referee brings his fists together in front of his chest. It is sometimes used to mean the simultaneous death of both individuals. Knowing that the opponent's killing technique leaves an opening, you kill him at the same instant.

Aka - the color red.

Aka ippon - red scores a point. It is used as a contest term. The referee raises his arm at an oblique angle toward the contestant scoring the point.

Aka no kachi - red wins the match! The referee raises his arm at an oblique angle toward the winning contestant.

Akinai - skill in trading.

Akindo - a merchant.

Akushu - a handshake.

Ama is a Buddhist nun.

Amado are rain shutters. The term is used to mean the lymph glands around the lower neck in kyusho. These are considered vital points.

Amazaki is a sweetened form of sake with a low level of alcohol.

Amma - a massage or a person giving a massage.

Amazaki is a sweet, low alcohol type of sake normally used in religius festivals.

Anado - both sides.

Anatoshi - trapping.

Ango sakuseiho is easiest understood as cryptography or sending something in code.

Ani deshi is used to - older brother student. This is an individual who is senior in status in the relationship.

Anime - high powered.

Anko is sweet bean paste. It is a common food.

Ankoku toshin jutsu - techniques for seeing in the dark.

Antei - stability or equilibrium.

Anza is an informal sitting position with the legs crossed in front and the body resting on the buttocks.

Anzawa Ryu was a martial art style featuring the use of the naginata. It is supposed to have been created in the seveneeth century.

Araki Ryu was a martial art school featuring the use of kenjutsu and shuriken jutsu, sword art and throwing knife art. Araki Mujin sai Mataemon Minamoto no Hidetsuna (1584-1638) is credited as the founder of the style.

Araki Ryu is a kusari jutsu ryu specializing in the use of the sickle as a weapon.

Arashi - storm, wild, or rough. A Kodokan Judo throwing technique is named yama arashi meaning mountain storm.

Arigato - an infomal thank you.

Arigato gozaimashita - thank you for what you have done.

Arigato gozaimasu - thank you for what you are doing.

Arima Shinto Ryu was a martial art school of sword fighting, kenjutsu, created by Arima Motonobu.

Aruki gata - a form of walking.

Aruku - to walk. It generally - a method of inclined walking resulting in a controlled forward fall. This is a manner of walking to get from place to place quickly and efficently.

Asade dake - it's only a flesh wound.

Asagasumi - morning mist. In kyusho, vital points, it is used to mean the region just under the chin.

Asa geiko - morning training. It is also used to mean a summer camp held during the hotest part of the summer.

Asawati - to sit down on the knees.

Asawati josketi - to sit down as ease.

Asayama Ichiden Ryu was a martial art school of sword fighting. Asayama Ichidensai Shigetatsu is credited as the founder in the period of 1573 to 1593 C.E. It is associated with the land owning warrior families known as jizamurai.

Ashi - foot or leg.

Ashi - to step.

Ashi barai - the foot sweeping action applied in throwing an opponent. It is the same word as ashi harai.

Ashi dome - to check the opponent's leg movement with your own foot or leg positioning.

Ashi garami - to wrap your leg around your opponent's leg.

Ashigaru - fast legs, ie. infantry. They were originially peasant farmers. Later, their status evolved from being the top of the peasant class, bonge, to the bottom level of the samurai class, buke. Over time, they specialized into being pikemen, archers, and arquebusiers, ie. gunmen.

Ashi garuma  - foot wheel. It is a Kodokan Judo throw.

Ashigaru taisho is the title of the samurai in charge of a group of foot soldiers, ie. infantry.

Ashi gata - the form or position of the feet.

Ashi gatame - leg lock. It is used as a generic term for any type of immobilization or dislocation of any part of the leg.

Ashi harai - the foot sweeping action applied in throwing an opponent.

Ashi hishigi - foot crush. It is a joint locking technique.

Ashi kake is a kendo contest term meaning the tripping or sweeping of an opponent off of their feet. In kendo, it is a violation of the sport rules rating a penalty of hansoku.

Ashiko are climbing claws worn on the feet. The ninja are credited with inventing them. They are similar in concept to the device invented by mountain climbers to achieve the same climbing abilities.

Ashi kubi - ankle, literally meaning neck of the foot.

Ashi kubi hishigi - ankle crushing. It is a joint locking technique.

Ashi sabaki - foot shifting or footwork.

Ashi ura - the sole of the foot.

Ashi waza - foot technique. It is the broad category including all foot and leg techniques.

Ashi yubi - foot fingers or more commonly, toes.

Asoko - over there.

Asuka is a city in Yamato province. It is located near the city of Nara, the former location of the imperial court. It is also used as the name of a historical period, 592-710 C.E., when the imperial court relocated to the city of Asuka.

Atama - head or crown of the head. It does not geneally include the face or ears.

Ate - strike.

Atemi, , - striking the body. They are the traditional striking technques aimed to a vital point on the opponent's body.

Atemi waza - body striking techniques.

Atenai yoni is a karate contest term meaning a warning without penalty.

Ate waza - striking techniques.

Ato - move back.

Ato de - afterwards.

Ato no sen is the defensive action taken at the instant the opponent starts to attack. It is the taking of the initiative by an individual who is retreating.

Atoshi baraku is a contest term meaning that there is a little more time left.

Atsu - press.

Atsuta Jingu is a Shinto shrine that houses one of the three sacred treasures of Japan, a sword called Kusanagi no Tsurugi, grass mowing sword.

Attate iru is a karate contest term meaning that there was contact made to the opponent.

Atto - to press down.

Awabi - the sea food known as abalone.

Awase - joining together. It was also used to describe the games and amusements of the aristocracy. It comes from awaseru meaning to meet together.

Awase toishi is a polishing stone used to sharpen knives and swords.

Awase uke is an open handed augmented side block. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Yonkyu, .

Awase waza - combination techniques. It is also used to mean a contest victory achieved by combining two diffenent scoring techniques, neither of which was enough to win by itself.

Awase zuki is a U punch. It is also known as Morote zuki, .

Ayumi - normal or natural.

Ayumi ashi translates as natural foot, meaning normal or natural walking. The back foot steps past the front foot while walking.

Ayumi dachi is a natural walking stance with the weight over the center. It is found in the Itosu-kai Shito-ryu style of karate.

Azuchi is the Japanese historical period of 1573 to 1582. It was named for the castle built for the war lord Oda Nobunaga.

Azuchi is the name of a castle built in 1576 for Oda Nobunaga.

Baishakunin is a person who arranges marriages by acting as a go between for the families involved. Frequently, in Japanese society, the parents decide who the children will marry.

Baishu - bribery.

Baishun is one of the terms used meaning a prostitute.

Bajo is a term meaning cavalry.

Ba jutsu - the art of horseback riding.

Bakemono is a generic name for monsters.

Bakemono sho is used to mean a goblin.

Bakuchi - gambling.

Bakudan is the explosive charge fired from a matchlock gun, the arquebus, called a teppo by the Japanese.

Bakufu - tent or camp government. It can be narrowly applied to the headquarters of the shogunate, or more generally to the whole government of the shogunate. During the Hojo Regency, the bakufu refers to just the military government.

Bakuhan is a modern term referring to the Tokugawa, BAUKUfu, rule over the domains of the daimyo, HAN.

Bakurai bishi is an explosive escape aid used by the ninja.

Bakuro jutsu is the art of animal handling or animal training.

Bakyu jutsu is the art of mounted archery.

Ban - number.

Bangaku - barbarian customs.

Banken - a trained guard dog.

Bansenshukai - 10,000 rivers gather into the sea. It is the title of an old, 1676 C.E., text on ninjutsu.

Bansho - a military captain. It is a Sixteenth Century C.E. term found in records relating to the Hojo clan.

Barai - sweep. The same word as harai. It comes from harau, meaning to sweep.

Barraki - grading.

Basho - place or site. It is used to describe the location of official sumo tournaments. It is used as a suffix with the name of the seasons or a location to form the name of the tournament.

Bassai Dai kata is a routine or kata meaning major penetrating the fortress form. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Sankyu.

Bassai Sho kata - minor penetrating the fortress form. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Ikkyu.

Bassoku is a kendo match term used to mean a penalty give for a foul or an infraction of a rule.

Batenen Ryu is the name of a martial art style which has specialized techniques for cutting or deflecting arrows in flight with their sword, yadome jutsu.

Batto - to draw and cut with a bladed weapon. It is another term for iai.

Batto jutsu is the sword drawing art which includes cutting rolled staw targets.

Beikoku is the phrase used to - the United States of America.

Benkai is the inside of the shin bone.

Benkyokai - a study association. These are training sessions for students of different levels of skill.

Betto was a groom to a mounted samurai. During the early Heian period, betto was a term used to signify someone holding an importance office.

Bi,  , - nose.

Biken jutsu is a term for the art of swordmanship.

Bikuni is a term for a Buddhist nun. It is an alternative term for ama.

Bisento is a heavy bladed weapon with the blade attached to a staff. It may have been copied from an earlier Chinese style weapon.

Bishamon was the god of war and defense. He was one of the seven deities of good luck.

Bishamon gote is a armoured glove with an attached sleeve covering the forearm.

Bitei is the coccyx or tail bone.

Biwa was a gourd shaped musical instrument like a lute. The biwa predates the Samisen.

Bo - straight.

Bo - wood or wooden. It is used to mean a staff or pole. A rokushakubo is a six foot long staff. It is used as a weapon in karate and in various Japanese weapon styles.

Bobi no kamae is a defensive stance taught in some ninjutsu lineages.

Bobu - war or combat.

Bogu is a generic term used to mean kendo equipment.

Bogyo - defense.

Bogyo roku kyodo - Six Defensive Actions. It is a basic drill of the Japan Karate-Do Ryobu-Kai. The six actions are age te, harai te, soto yoko te, uchi yoko te, shuto te, and sukui te.

Boin is an inked thumb print used to authenticate documents or certificates.

Bo jutsu - staff art. The art of using the staff as a weapon.

Boke - a slow learner.

Bokken, , - a wooden sword.

Boko - bladder. The bladder is also called tanko.

Bo kodachi is a wooden small companion sword to the larger katana.

Boku - wooden, made of wood.

Bokuto is a type of wooden sword. It is said to have been named for the famous swordsman Bokuden Tsukahara.

Bo naginata is a wooden practice naginata, a staff with a sword type blade attached to one end. For this, there is a wooden sword shaped blade attached to the end.

Bonge is a term used for a commoner. It is an alternative term to heinin.

Bonno - a loss of concentration or a disturbance. This is also called suki.

Bo odori is a type of Okinawan dance done using a wooden staff. Some martial art staff techniques were hidden in a few of the dances.

Bonsen is miniature landscaping. The use of artificially dwarfed trees and plants in landscaping.

Bonze are itinerant Buddhist monks.

Boryaku - battlefield strategy.

Bosen - a defensive battle or to fight on the defensive.

Boshi - thumb or big toe.

Boshi - the fruit called a plum.

Boshi ken is the tip of the thumb used as a striking point.

Boshin - looking and observing. It is a diagnostic method used in traditional medicine.

Bo shuriken are thin straight single bladed throwing knives.

Bo tanto - a wooden training knife.

Bozu are Buddhist priests, not necessarily a monk.

Bu is a weight measurement for gold.

Bu - a class or a section.

Bu - martial. It is a Chinese character used in Japanese. The character used for 'bu' is made of two parts. The first having the meaning of stopping something. The second part is of a classical Chinese weapon like a halberd. Together, the two parts have the connotation of 'stopping the halbred.' The concept attached to the character is that the military stops discord and creates civil order. The martial therefore being the way of avoiding or preventing violent conflict.

Buai geiko randori - warrior meeting practice free play. It has the context meaning of a very serious, hard randori. It is not orientated towards winning sport matches. Rather, it is aimed more toward the very severe rigors of budo training.

Bubishi is an Okinawan manual passed down in some karate lineages. It contains various items of information considered important to a martial artist such as vital point drawings and medicines. It is known as the Wubeizhi in Chinese. It contains material from the Fujian white crane (Fuken-sho hakutsuruken) and Luohan quan (Rakanken) which originated in the Fuzhou area of China.

Budo - martial way.

Budoka - a person practicing the martial arts.

Budoshi - a warrior. "The character 'bu' is a combination of crossed halberds with a flick of blood representing fighting and a foot with a line across it meaning stop (just that alone is actually the character for the word stop). So while we usually see 'bu' translated as'martial', it really - 'to stop the conflict'. 'Do', as we all know, - 'way' or 'path',and 'shi' - 'person'. So we end up with a translation of 'budoshi' that comes out as 'stopping the conflict way person'. There are many forms of conflict, and physical confrontation is only one of them. The traditional budoshi is trained to handle all of them. Budoshi were widely known as problem solvers, and were often consulted over non-combat matters by the common people. They were also often the local healers. It would be in this context that Kano would use the term, so I think the connotations are definitely there." by Jeffrey Hawks.

Bufu ikkan is a ninjutsu saying meaning may the martial wind blow every day.

Bugei - martial or military arts.

Bugei juhappan - the eighteen martial arts. The particular arts varied depending upon the time period.

Bugeisha - an individual who practices the martial arts.

Bugukake - a weapons rack.

Bugyo was a magistrate, official, commissioner, or administrator. They were charged by the Bukufu or daimyo with a specific job or function.

Bugyoin - a lower lever magisrate, official, commissioner, or administrator. This was a relatively common term during the Kamakura period.

Buji - to live in harmony and safety.

Bujin - warrior person. It is the name of a category of low ranking, or low status, samurai during the feudal period. It can also be used to mean the warrior spirit.

Bu jutsu - martial art. It is used as generic term for various martial arts. It includes military tactics and is sometimes used to mean tactics.

Bu jutsuka - a person who practices martial arts.

Bukai - martial ranks.

Buke - a military house or extended warrior family or the social caste made up of the warrior families. Just because some samurai rode horses does not mean that buke - equestrian.

Buki - weapons.

Buki ho - methods of weapon useage.

Buki kake - a weapons hook or a rack used to hang weapons.

Buko Ryu was a martial art style featuring the use of the naginata.

Bukkyo - the religion called Buddhism. It was brought to Japan from China and Korea in the 6th century C.E. It originated in India.

Bumon - martial gate.

Bun - writing. It is used to mean basic education.

Bunbu ichi refers to the traditional debate over the relative importance of martial skill versus learning and education.

Bun ei is a term for the Mongal invasion of 1274.

Bunji is a term for a member of the imperial court, a noble.

Bunkai is the study of the practical application of techniques found in kata. It is the analysis of techniques.

Bunkatsu - an outline.

Bunkoku were provinces governed by court nobles during the Heian period. During the Sengoku period, the term was used to refer to territories governed by daimyo.,/LI>

Bun shin - listening and smelling. It is one of the diagnostic methods of Japanese traditional medicine.

Buraku min is a relatively modern term used to refer to individuals and families of the Eta caste. They traditionally performed jobs considered distasteful or low class, such as undertakers, butchers, executioners, midwives, and grave diggers. Basicly, they included everyone handling the dead or the remains of the dead.

Busan - martial creativity.

Bushi - a warrior. It is the name of the warrior caste in feudal times in Japan.

Bushi damashi - indomitable warrior spirit.

Bushido - warrior's way. The warrior caste's code of ethics and philiosophy. It was an idealized neo-Confucian concept devised to prevent rebellion by the warrior caste. It included six ideals: giri, duty; shiki, resolve; ansha, generosity; fudo, immovable temperment; doryo, magnaminity; and ninyo, humanity. It was popularized during the Tokugawa shogunate in order to keep the unemployed warriors occupied.

Bushi kaikyu - the warrior social class.

Bushi no nasake - the gentleness of warriors. It was a virtue to be cultivated by the warrior caste members.

Bushi no te - the hand of the warrior.

Bushi te - warrior hand.

Busho - lazy.

Butoku - martial virtue.

Butokuden is the headquarters of the Dai Nippon Butokukai, Great Japan Martial Virtue Association, which was founded in 1895 by the Japanese government to preserve the traditional martial arts.

Butsu - the Buddha.

Butsumetsu - the day the Buddha died. In kyusho, vital points, they are four points by the third rib.

Butsuda - the Buddha.

Butsudo - the religion called Buddhism. Also called Bukkyo.

Butsukari is off balancing practice. It is a Kodokan Judo training method of repeated entering into a throwing technique without necessarily throwing the training partner.

Buyu - martial friends.

Byo is a measurement of time being about one-half second.

Chadai is a mat usage fee paid when vising a dojo. Normally, it is paid to a senior student discretely before class begins.

Chado - the way of tea. It is a term that is used to describe the practice of the tea ceremony.

Chakuchi ashi - replacement foot. It is a method of stepping where one foot takes the place of the other foot. One example of this occurs in the karate kata Empi.

Cha no yu is the formal tea ceremony. It was refined into an art form during the later half of the Fifteenth Century C.E. by the samurai and court nobles.

Chasengami was a style of top knot hair style worn by the samurai. It is named after its resemblence to a tea wisk.

Chi - earth.

Chi is the blood.

Chiburui - the ritualized shaking of a sword to remove any blood or organ left on the sword after cutting an opponent. It is symbolic and for kata only. It is done before wiping off the sword before returning it to the scabbard. This prevents introducing blood into the scabbard which would become sticky. A sticky sheath would slow down the drawing of the sword and would cause the sword to rust.

Chidori ashi is the cross over step. There are two variations. Mae chidori ashi - the cross over step occurs in front of the base leg. Ura chidori ashi - the cross over step occurs behind the base leg.

Chigaimasu - different. Frequently used in the context of 'that is different, not the way you were shown'.

Chiga riki was a ninja weapon combining a staff with a chain hidden in the staff. The chain would entangle the opponent. The staff would batter the opponent.

Chikai - nearly or close.

Chikama is a fighting distance that is close enough to strike without needing to step to bridge the gap to the opponent.

Chikama geri - close kick.

Chikara is a general term for strength, power, force, or energy. It has no special connotations.

Chikara ishi are old fashioned stone weights used to develop strength.

Chikara no daishikata - the extension of power.

Chikara o dasu - to extend power.

Chikujo jutsu is the art of building and attacking fortifications. Fortifications varied according to the geography. Some castles were built on plains, some on cliffs, and others were built on islands. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. In attempting to assult a fortification, weaknesses need to be discovered and exploited. Early, Yamato period, fortifications were fortified houses or temporary stockades. By the Muromachi period, the present form of castles had evolved as a permanent structure. The majority of designs were successful in being impregnable. Most castles did not fall from direct assult. Rather, castles mostly fell due to starvation or betrayal.

Chimon - geography.

Chinjufu is a rank term meaning general of the northern pacification command. A large part of the history of Japan is the settlement of civilized Japanese in the barbarian northern areas not yet controlled by the central government. Ashikaga Takauji is an example of the type of individual who held this position. He held this title during the period 1333 through 1336 C.E., the Kemmu Restoration.

Chin kon ki shin - calming the spirit.

Chinkuchi - the "body forces the air out of the lungs for a brief spurt just as you would do in a fight." by Ian Johnston

Chi no kokyu - the breath of heaven.

Chinte - unusual hand. It is an Okinawan karate form.

Chinto is an Okinawan karate routine.

Chinzei is the medieval term for the island of Kyushu.

Chisai - small.

Chishi is a old fashioned stone dumbbell used in Okinawa for weight lifting. The weight was on one end of the handle, not on both ends as is done with modern dumbbells.

Cho was a unit of length equal to approximately 120 yards or 109 meters.

Cho was a unit of land measure equaling about 2.94 acres until 1594 C.E. After that date it was reduced to about 2.45 acres.

Cho ho - espionage.

Chokkaku - at right angles.

Chokkatsuchi is a term meaning a lord's personal territory owned as his personal property as opposed to the clan's property.

Chokko - facing directly forward or straight ahead.

Chokokushi is an engraver. Japanese swords sometimes have the sword smith's name engraved on the tang.

Chokuritsu - erect or upright.

Chokuritsu fudo dachi - upright attention stance.

Chokusen - a straight line.

Chokusen no irimi - entering on a straight line or a direct entry.

Chokuto was a straight sword used early in Japanese history.

Choku zuki - straight punch.

Chonin was a class term containing artisans and merchants. It ranked below peasants and above the outcasts in the social scale.

Chonmage is the name of the top knot hair style worn by the warrior class. It was normal for the topknot to have one or more hairpins in it. Several kata have movements removing a hairpin to use as a weapons.

Chosen is a term for Korea.

Choshi - rhythm.

Cho shin - flexible mind.

Cho suko - flexible body.

Chototsu is the atemi striking point located between the eyes.

Chotto - just a minute, please.

Chu - middle.

Chu - loyalty.

Chubu - central Okinawa or central Japan. The central Japan usage includes the provinces of Hida, Omi, Owari, Kai, Shinano, and Mino.

Chudan - middle section or middle level. This normally is the part of the torso between the waist or hips up to the shoulders.

Chudan no kamae, , - middle level stance. With a sword, the tip of the sword would be aimed at the opponent's throat.

Chudan shuto uchi,    , - middle level knife hand strike. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Hachikyu.

Chudan shuto uke,    , - middle level knife hand block. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Hachikyu.

Chudan soto uke,    , - middle level outside block. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Hachikyu.

Chudan tsuki - a middle level thrust.

Chudan uchi uke - middle level inside block. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Hachikyu.

Chudan zuki - a punch toward the middle section of the opponent's body.

Chuden - middle scroll. It is used to mean the midlevel teachings of a style.

Chugari - rolling. It is used to mean forward somersault.

Chugen is a term that was sometimes used to describe the foot soldiers known as ashigaru.

Chugoku - middle country. It is a Japanese term for China, the Middle Kingdom. It is also used to mean the western region of Honshu island including the provinces of Tajima, Harima, Mimasaka, Bizen, Bitchu, Hoki, Izuma, Bingo, Iwami, Aki, Suo, and Nagato.

Chugoshi is a kneeling position with one leg up on the foot and the other knee and ball of that foot on the ground.

Chui - attention as a warning about doing something wrong. In kendo, the first chui is without penalty. Later chui are considered penalties. In Kodokan Judo matches, chui is the second level of penalty.

Chujo Ryu was a martial art school of sword fighting, kenjutsu. It was created by Chujo Nagahide about 1400 C.E.

Chuken is the third contestant in a kendo team match.

Chukyu - middle class. It is based on a set of skills involving locks and body controls. It is the class between lower class and major middle class.

Chukyu dai , - major middle class. It is the rank just before Jokyu.

Chunin was a mid level ninja agent who served as an supervisor of field agents.

Chuo - the center or middle.

Chusei is a scholarly term for the Japanese medieval period between the late Heian period and the Momoyama period.

Chusen - the centerline. In the martial arts, the centerline of the body is a line drawn down the body from the nose to the belly button.

Chusen is a kendo winner chosen by draw by the judges or referees officials.

Chusen gachi is a kendo winner by draw.

Chushin - one's center, core, or heart.

Chushin dori - grabbing the center. It is used to mean seizing control of the opponent's centerline while maintaining control of one's own centerline.

Chusoku - the ball of the foot.

Dai - major, large, or great. Dai as a prefix of a number just - the number, i.e., dai ichi just - first, not great or big first.

Daicho is the large intestine.

Daigaku - university.

Daihyoshu sen is a kendo contest term meaning a playoff by representatives of each team in a team contest.

Daijo daijin - great minister of state. It was the highest imperial appointment.

Daikan referred to a deputy, intendant, or manager. It also referred to the official tax collector for a daimyo.

Dai kinniku - the major muscles.

Daikomyo is used in ninjutsu to mean the illumination from the inside to the outside. In Buddhism, it is the large bright light radiating from the Buddha.

Daiku - a carpenter.

Dai kyo soku kei is a phrase - big strong fast smooth.

Daimon big gate. In kyusho, vital points, it is the middle of the shoulder joint.

Daimyo - great name. It was the title of a feudal Japanese lord. Sometimes he might be a provincial governor. Others might be the head of a large or powerful clan. A sucessful daimyo would hire samurai as his body guards and his army. The daimyo were not originally of the imperial court nobility. Their origin comes from the various military governments. The term generally applied to those lords who governed lands produced at least 10,000 koku of rice annually. One koku was enough rice to feed one man for one year.

Dai nashi - completely worthless.

Dai Nihon Butokukai Budo Senmon Gakko - Imperial Japan Martial Organization's Specialized Budo School. It was founded in 1895 C.E. by the Japanese government to preserve the traditional styles of Japanese martial arts. The headquarters, known as the Butokuden, was located in Kyoto.

Dairai - the imperial palace.

Dairyo - a district magistrate.

Daisho - large and small in relation to swords. The long sword was known as a daito katana. The short sword was known as a shoto wakizashi.

Daitai - the thigh. Momo also - the thigh.

Dai teiji - major character in the shape of a hand. It is an aikido stance similar to hanmi dachi, but a little wider.

Daito - great sword. It is one of several terms for a long sword.

Daito katana - great or long sword. It was usually more than 24 inches or 60 centimeters long. It is worn with the blade edge facing upward.

Daito-ryu aiki jujutsu is a jujutsu school and the technical precursor of aikido. It was created from Oshikiuchi, a type of jujutsu, as taught to Takeda, Sokaku by the Soke, head master of the style, Saigo, Tonomo. It was created around 1900 C.E. as Takeda traveled around Japan. It makes use of subtle movements which disrupt an opponents balance, ki flow, mind, etc. Shinra Saburo Minamoto Yoshimitsu (1056-1127) is sometimes credited as being the founder. The characters - great eastern style.

Dajo tenno is an honorary title for an abdicated emperor.

Daikentai jutsu is the term for the striking techniques used in ninjutsu.

Daki - to hug or embrace someone or something.

Damashii - fighting spirit.

Dame - wrong, not like that.

Dan - step, grade, or degree.

Danchu is the breast bone.

Danryoku - resilience, elasticity, or flexibility.

Danzan Ryu - sandlewood mountain style. It is a jujutsu style created by Henry S. Okazaki. It has a wide range of defense strategies including Judo type throwing, joint locks, constrictions, and the use of weapons. The name sandlewood is what the Japanese call the Hawaiian islands. The Hawaiian islands were where this style was created and taught by Okazaki.

Datto - taking the sword from the belt in iaido.

De - hand. It is also said as 'te' by the Japanese as in 'karate'.

De,  . - advanced or forward.

De ashi barai - advancing foot sweep. It is a Kodokan Judo throw.

De geiko translates as advanced training. It is used to mean traveling around training in other styles and other schools.

Dehana waza - to strike at the beginning of an opponent's movement.

Dembu - buttocks.

Den are the teachings, legends, and traditions of a lineage or school. They are not just the teachings of a martial art style.

Denbu is the polite term for butocks.

Dengaku is rustic, country music popular with the common people. It sometimes included dancing as part of the performance.

Denko - lighting flash or electric light. It is used to mean the vital point on the floating ribs.

Densho - a technique scroll. These are the transmission manuscripts that past down the elements that make up a lineage.

Dento - tradition.

Dentoteki - traditional.

Denzook - no count.

Deru pon - to score a point against your opponent as he comes forward at the beginning of a match.

Deshi - a student or disciple.

Do - degrees.

Do - motion, change, or activity.

Do,  . - way, path, or road. It is the Chinese character for Tao with the same meaning. It is also pronounced as michi.

Do - waist, chest, or trunk. It is also the generic term used for torso armor, ie. such as a cuirass. In kendo, the torso protector can be made of bamboo or other material.

Dogi is a training uniform.

Dogo was a village leader or headman. Normally an individual whose assets allowed him some measure of local political or military clout.

Dogu - way equipment, i.e. training equipment.

Do jime - body strangle. It involves squeezing an opponent's torso with your legs. It is an old jujutsu technique that is not legal in competition Judo.

Dojo - way place, the meditation room of a Buddhist temple. The practice area of a martial arts school. Traditional etiquette says to bow to the designated 'front' of the dojo whenever entering or leaving.

Dojo arashi - school storming. It is the practice of challenging everyone in another school with the idea that the losers become students of the winners. Deaths sometimes happen.

Dojo cho the the title of the leader of a dojo.

Dojo kun are the maxims of a school. They vary from style to style and art to art.

Doka - songs of the way.

Dokko is the pressure point behind the ear.

Dokkotsu - single bone. In kyusho, vital points, it is the Adam's apple located on the front of the throat.

Doko - angry tiger.

Doko no kamae is the name of a ninjutsu defensive stance.

Dokoro has the meaning of a board or committee.

Dokudo - the path of self reliance. It is a list of precepts prepared by Miyamoto Musashi on May 12, 1645 C.E. Musashi was the founder of the Hyoho Niten Ichi Ryu school of sword fighting. The Dokudo has been passed down in this kenjutsu lineage as part of their teachings.

Dokusan - a private interview.

Dokusen is the side of the neck.

Dokushu - studying by one's self.

Dokuso geiko - practicing by ones self.

Dome - a stopping action. It is a method of blocking using a shield like action. It comes from tomeru meaning to stop.

Domo - many or much. It is the informal phrase for thank you.

Domo arigato is the phrase for a formal thank you to some one.

Domo arigato gozaimashita is the very formal Japanese phrase for thank you very much. It is said at the end of a class by the students while bowing to the instructor to thank him for teaching them.

Domo arigato gozaimasu is the very formal Japanese phrase for thank you for something that is still happening.

Dono - lord. In 1180 C.E., Minamoto Yoritomo was called Kamakura dono, lord of Kamakura, by his warriors.

Do no tanden - middle body training.

Don ton jutsu - the art of earth concealment. They are techniques in ninjutsu using the ground to hide from the enemy.

Dori - to grab, take, grasp, or to hold something. It is also spelled as tori. It comes from toru meaning to seize or capture.

Doshin was the title of an individual serving as a constable during the Edo period. This was a police rank below Yoriki.

Doshin is a series of range of motion tests performed on the receiver, uke, in correctly positioning the body in aikido.

Doshu is literally 'one who carries on the flame of the way.' It is used by the Aikikai Aikido style to mean the 'head of the way'.

Doso was a term for a pawnbroker or small money lender during the Muromachi period.

Dotai - the torso or body.

Doza was the term for the copper workers' guild.

Dozo - please go ahead.

Du mai - governing vessel. This is the name of one of the meridians in traditional Chinese medicine.

Ebira is a quiver for holding arrows.

Ebisu is one of the names used for the aboriginal people living in Japan before the arrival of the modern Japanese. They are also known as Ainu or Ezo. Ebisu is also the name of the god of good food and the patron of fishermen and tradesmen.

Eboshi is a cloth or lacquered paper hat worn by individuals of imperial court rank or samurai in formal circumstances. It was normally black in color and it was fastened on the head by - of a silk cord.

Eboshi nari kabuto is a helmet shaped like an imperial court hat.

Edo period was the time period between 1600 and 1867 C.E.

Egoshu is a council. It was a common term used to describe a group of community elders in a civilian context. Sakai was governed by a merchant body called an egoshu.

Eiki kujiki - to break the opponent's spirit.

Eimeiroku - the official recording of students in a specific style lineage.

Eishin Ryu was a martial art school of sword drawing created by Hasegawa Chikaranosuke Eishin (Hidenobu).

Eku is an Okinawan wooden oar which was an improvised weapon sometimes taught in Karate schools.

Embu is a demostration of martial spirit or it can mean a two person training form.

Embugi - a demonstration uniform. This is a special uniform worn only for doing demonstrations, not for regular practice.

Embusen is the line of action or movement. It is used as meaning the floor pattern of a given kata.

Emishi is a derogative term for the Ainu, who were the originial residents of the Japanese islands.

Emmei Ryu was a martial art school of sword fighting, kenjutsu.

Emon - chest.

Empi - the elbow. Sometimes referred to as Hiji.

Empi is a routine or kata meaning the flight of the swallow form. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Yonkyu.

Empi uchi - elbow strike. Sometimes referred to as Hiji ate.

Empi uke - elbow block. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Shichikyu.

Empi waza - elbow techniques. Techniques which use the elbow region of the arm as the principle part of technique.

Encho is an overtime or extension round in a match. It is used to determine a winner when no points have been scored during the normal match time.

Encho-sen is a contest term meaning extension. It is used if a match goes into overtime.

Enga osae - to pin the opponent face down.

Engawa is the covered porch or verandah surrounding some Japanese traditional homes.

En geiko is a drill in which a student defends against a circle of opponents.

En no irimi - circular entry.

Enryakuji was a Tendai Buddhist sect temple located on Mt. Hiei in Omi province. It was founded by the monk Saicho Dengyo-Daishi in 788. It was famous for its warrior monks. The monks attempted to influence the imperial politics of the capital, Kyoto, by sending in their monks to protest and disrupt the daily life of the residents. In 1571, Oda Nobunaga destroyed and Enryakuji and killed thousands of monks to keep them from influencing the imperial court. The temple complex was later rebuilt. However, it never regained its political clout.

Enryo - boldness. It implies a certain contempt or disdain for death. It is fearlessness.

Enshin ryoku - the centrifugal force generated by a technique.

Enshin-ryu sogo budo is a karate style that was formerly known as Shimbu (or Jimmu)-ryu. Machida Kenshin [written with characters for "fist" and "spirit"] is the headmaster. His students are Omori Saburo, Hirata Moritoshi, and others. In the *Bugei ryuha daijiten*, on p. 113, there is mention of a Machida Kenshin of a system called Enshin-ryu (not Enshin Itto-ryu). The entry says, "Enshin-ryu: karate [written with the characters for "Chinese hand"], aiki, kempo [fist method], yawara."

Enshu - a drill or exercise.

Enten jizui - moving and turning freely.

Eri - the lapel or collar of a jacket or coat.

Eri dori - grabbing the collar. They are techniques using control of the lapel or collar to control or strangle an opponent.

Eta - much filth. It is a degrading term used to mean a member of the Eta pariah caste. These are traditionally those families that handled tasks that were considered very distasteful such as undertakers, butchers, midwives, and cemetery workers. Basicly, anyone who might have handled dead people or deal animals. This includes individuals working with leather. The individuals in this caste were considered practically subhuman. To be part of this caste remains a stigma even today. The modern term for individuals of this caste is Burakumin. This term may be dervived from the word for butcher, etori.

Etori - butcher.

Ezo is one of the names used for the aboriginal people living in Japan before the arrival of the modern Japanese. They are also known as Ainu or Ebisu. It is also another name for the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido.

Fu - negation.

Fu antei - instability.

Fuchi is the collar which acts as a retainer for the hilt thread, the tsukaito.

Fudai is a retainer of long stanging, i.e., a hereditary vassal. It is sometimes translated as inner lords. During the Edo period, the term was used to describe those lords who had supported Tokugawa Ieyasu during the Sekigahara campaign of 1600 C.E.

Fudo - immovable or immobility.

Fudo dachi - immovable stance. It is also known as Sochin dachi.

Fudo ken is used to mean a clenched fist.

Fudo Ryu was a martial art style featuring the use of kenjutsu.

Fudoshin - immovable or unchanging spirit or mind. It is used to mean a mind that is immune to distraction. The imperturbability of the mind.

Fudoshin Ryu was a martial art style featuring the use of kenjutsu.

Fudoza - an immovable seat.

Fuho koi shobu ari is a kendo contest term used to mean a winner resulting from an opponent's illegal action.

Fujubun - that 'not enought power' was used in a technique.

Fuke is the Buddhist sect that was most associated with the Japanese warrior class. It was suppresed by the Tokugawa shogunate because of the sect's attempt to influence and control the government.

Fukiniki was a cylindrical streamer used on the battlefield by daimyo as a - of unit identification. The daimyo's family crest, the mon, would be on the streamer as an easily seen rally point during battles.

Fukiya are blowguns used in ninjutsu.

Fuko - a crouching tiger.

Fukono Ryu was a martial art school created by Fukono Shichiroemon featuring the use of kenjutsu and jujutsu.

Fuku - clothing.

Fukubu - abdomen.

Fukubu geri - abdomen kick.

Fuku jime - clothing strangle. It is a generic phrase for the useage of any clothing to assist in a strangle. It is not a specific technique.

Fukuro shinai is a leather covered practice sword made of bamboo.

Fuku shidoin - an assistant instructor.

Fukushiki kokyu - abdominal breathing.

Fukushin shugo is a contest term calling for a judges conference.

Fukusho is a kendo contest term for the fourth contestant in a team contest.

Fukuto is the hollow of the back of the knee. It is an atemi point just above the inside of the knee.

Fukyu - basic.

Fukyu gata - basic or fundamental forms.

Fukyu taden - basic exercise.

Fumi - step.

Fumi kiri geri - sickle kick.

Fumi komi is a stomping action.

Fumi komi geri - a stompimg kick in a downward direction. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Shichikyu.

Fumi waza - stomping techniques.

Funakogi undo, , - rowing exercise. It is an aikido drill to strengthen the wrists.

Fundoshi is a loin cloth worn as traditional underwear by Japanese men.

Funikoshi Gichin was the founder of the Shotokai/Shotokan style of karate. His nickname was Shoto, tiger's tail. Funikoshi was a student of Itosu Yasutsune. After he retired from teaching elementary school in Okinawa, he was asked to perform in a demostration in Tokyo. .

Funsen - a brave battle or to fight bravely.

Furi - to swing, shake, or flail.

Furi gaeshi - flailing reversal.

Furiko tomoe nage - pendulum circle throw.

Furi oshi uchi - downward swinging strike. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Sankyu.

Furi zuki - flare punch. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Nikyu.

Fusegi - defense or escapes.

Fusei shinai shiyo is a kendo contest term meaning that one contestant used an illegal shinai during a match.

Fusen gachi is a kendo contest term meaning a winner due to the opponent not showing up to compete.

Fusensho - to win in contest by default.

Futari - two people.

Futari dori - dual catch or being held by two opponents.

Futari waza - two persons techniques. Implies two individuals attacking one.

Ha - tooth.

Ha - blade.

Habaki is the collar on a sword which fits over the upper end of the blade and the lower end of the tang.

Habu is a poisonous snake, an adder, that is native to Okinawa. Some people eat them marinated or grilled.

Hachi - eight.

Hachidan - 8th step or 8th degree black belt.

Hachikyu - 8th class

Hachiji dachi - a natural stance. The feet are positioned about shoulder widith apart with the feet pointing slightly outward, maybe as much as 45 degrees away from the front.

Hachiji gaeshi - figure eight counter. It is a figure eight thrust.

Hachiji giri is a left and right kesa giri done without pausing. This motion is like a figure eight.

Hachimaki is a cotton headband worn to keep sweat out of the eyes. For some individuals, it has come to symbolize resolve. Kendo practioners wear it to pad the head against their helmut and to keep sweat out of their eyes.

Hacho - the attempt to duplicate nature with deliberate asymmetry in Japanese design.

Hadaka - naked or bare.

Hadaka jime - naked strangle. It is a Kodokan Judo strangling technique. It is called naked because it does not make use of any clothing. It is applied by having the opponent's throat inside the elbow joint and using the bicep and thumb side of the wrist against the sides of the opponent's neck. It is much less effective if applied as a choking action against the windpipe and much slower.

Hadashi - bare foot.

Hadome is a kyusho, vital point, located one inch below the ear and in line with the end of the tooth line.

Hagakure is the name of a text complied by Tashiro Tsuramoto from the principles and precepts of Yamamoto Tsunetomo. It is considered a major work of samurai thought of the early 18th century C.E.

Hai - yes.

Hai - back (of).

Hai - lungs.

Haiboku - defeat.

Haibu is a person's back.

Haibu yori - from behind.

Haidate were armor thigh guards that became popular in the 16th century C.E.

Hairi kata is a method of entry into throwing, grappling, or striking techniques.

Hai ryu - crawling dragon.

Haishu - the back of the hand.

Haishu uchi - back of the hand strike. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Shichikyu.

Haishu uke - back of the hand block.

Haisoku - instep.

Haito - back sword. It is usually translated at inner knife hand or as ridge hand.

Haito uchi - back sword strike. It is usually translated as ridge hand strike. There are two versions, Hon, basic, and Gyakute, reverse hand.

Haiwan is the back of the forearm.

Hajime - to begin or first. It is a kendo and judo contest term to start a match.

Hajime no saho - beginning etiquette.

Hajutsu - escaping techniques.

Hakkai shiki is the opening ceremony of a school.

Hakkaku bo is an eight sided, octagonal, staff.

Hakama is the large traditional divided formal skirt-pants worn over a kimono by Japanese samurai. They were common during the Edo period. A shorter version, known as a han bakama, was worn by lower class samurai and the lower classes.

Hakama sabaki are standing, kneeling, sitting, and moving movements done while wearing a hakama so as not to impair mobility or access to weapons.

Hakkeyoi - to keep striving.

Hakko-Ryu is a modern jujutsu style created out of Daito-Ryu aiki jutsu. It is simple in its basic curriculum, but the applications are quite diverse. Many of its techniques are similar to Aikido. It was created in 1938 by Okuyama Ryuho ( Yoshiji). It's name - eighth ray of light style.

Haku - white.

Hakutsuru - white crane.

Hakutsuru ken - white crane boxing. It is the name of a Chinese kung-fu style practiced on Okinawa. It is also the name of a routine that has been adopted by some karate styles which were influenced by the Crane style kung-fu taught in Okinawa.

Hakutsu Ryu was a martial art style of jujutsu.

Hakyo - the eight principle.

Hama Higa no Kama kata - kama form of Hama Higa. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Nikyu.

Hama Higa no Sai kata - sai form of Hama Higa. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Nikyu.

Hama Higa no Tonfa - tonfa form of Hama Higa. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Nikyu.

Han was a feudal clan, family, or fief. The term refers to a daimyo's domain in the Edo period.

Han - half.

Hana - nose.

Hana - flower.

Hana bishi - diamond flower. It is a symbol used in a family crest.

Hanashi waza are techniques involving escapes from holds. An alternative term to Hazushi waza.

Han bo - half staff. A traditional staff is about six feet long. So, half of a staff measures about 3 feet long.

Han bo jutsu - stick fighting techniques.

Hando no kuzushi - breaking of the opponent's balance by his reaction to a preparatory diversionary attack launched by yourself in the opposite direction to the intended technique.

Hane - to spring, bounce, recoil, or jump. It comes from haneru.

Hane - a wing, such as a crane's wing.

Hane age - to spring up or jump up.

Hane gaeshi - bouncing return. It is describing the recoil at the end of a technique. It is traditionally said that a technique, such as a punch or kick, should be rechambered faster than it was executed.

Hane goshi - springing hip. A Kodokan Judo throwing technique.

Hane makikomi - winding springing hip throw.

Hane okiri - to spring up from sitting in the kneeling posture, seiza.

Hangetsu - half or crescent moon.

Hangetsu dachi - crescent moon stance. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Shichikyu.

Hangetsu kata - half moon or crescent moon form. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Yonkyu.

Hankafuza - the half lotus sitting posture.

Hankai - a half turn.

Hanko are the traditional Japanese signature seal stampers. Most commonly used with red ink to make the stamped seal easily seen against the black ink of common Japanese writing.

Hanmi  is a triangular stance commonly used in aikido and jujutsu meaning half body. The body is half way facing forward.

Hanmi han dachi are techniques started while the thrower is seated and the attacker is standing.

Hanpuku geiko is a training method of repetitively using a limited number of techniques and drilling them over and over.

Hanran - rebellion.

Hanshi - a model teacher. It is the highest of a series of teaching titles given by various martial arts organizations. It is used on certificates, not as a proper title.

Hansoku is a penalty given for an illegal act or a foul play in violation of contest rules. In kendo, the six illegal acts warranting hansoku include: (1) tripping or sweeping an opponent, (2) doing an illegal act or movement, (3) stepping outside the contest area, (4) pushing or shoving an opponent outside of the contest area, (5) dropping the bamboo sword, or (6) stalling without any intention of making a strike.

Hansoku make - a loss by violation of the rules.

Hantai - reverse or opposite

Hantai - the other way around.

Hantai ni - in the opposite direction.

Hantei is a verbal command by the referee to signal the judges to indicate their choice of winner in a kendo or Judo match.

Hantei gachi - winner by decision. It is a contest term used in kendo and Kodokan Judo. It is also written as hantei kachi.

Hanzei was a tax or obligation that called for rendering one half of the property's income to the daimyo.

Happa - eight leaves. In nin jutsu, it describes the technique of clapping the opponent's ears.

Happa ken is an open handed strike taught in nin jutsu.

Happo - eight sides or in all directions.

Happo baraki - eight direction sweep. It is used to mean to be totally aware of ones surroundings in all directions.

Happo hiken - the eight methods of secret swords. This is a nin jutsu group of sword techniques.

Happo no kuzushi - eight directions of off balancing an opponent.

Happo shuriken are eight pointed throwing knives.

Happo no undo - eight directional exercise.

Happyo - the announcement of exam results.

Hara - plain. An example would be Mikata ga hara.

Hara - belly or abdomen.

Hara ate - abdomenal strike. It was a traditional type of armor worn by the lower classes to protect the front side of the torso.

Hara gatame is a Kodokan Judo arm lock where the dislocation is applied by the abdomen.

Harai,  - sweep. It comes from harau meaning to sweep.

Harai goshi - sweeping hip. It is a Kodokan Judo throwing technique.

Harai te is a sweeping technique with the arm.

Harai tsuri komi ashi - lift pull foot sweep. It is a Kodokan Judo throwing technique.

Hara kiri - to slice the stomach. It is considered a rude term for ritual suicide more properly known as seppuku.

Haramaki do is an armor style developed during the 14th century C.E. that was designed to be more form fitting than previous types. It was opened in the back.

Harami ryu - a dragon wrapped around a sword with its body away from the sword.

Haramitsu is a Buddhist term for enlightenment or satori. It is a permanent state of spiritual awakening that goes beyond the limitations of life and death.

Harai waza - sweeping techniques.

Hari uke - archer palm block. It is a requirement for Koyamakan karate Shichikyu.

Hasaki is the edge of the sword blade.

Hasami - scissors.

Hasami uke - scissors block.

Hasami zuki - scissors punch.

Hasegawa Eishin Ryu was a martial art style of sword drawing. It is also known as Muso Jikiden Eishin Ryu.

Hasegawa Ryu was a martial art style of sword fighting created by Hasegawa Soki (1568-1595).

Hashigo yari - a ladder spear.

Hasshuku bo - an 8 foot staff.

Hasso - attack.

Hasso gamae - eight sides or the generic in all directions posture. The sword or stick is held beside the head in front of the shoulder.

Hasuji - blade positioning or angling. A swordsman has a proper efficient angle which he swings through in doing a cutting technique. Cutting through other angles is less efficient.

Hatamoto - banner man. These were senior retainer and vassals close to the daimyo or shogun. They were given special privileges and high status.

Hayagake jutsu - the art of walking and running.

Hayai - fast.

Hayaku - quickly.

Hayashizaki Ryu is a martial art style of sword drawing, iaijutsu. It is also known as Shimmei Muso Ryu.

Hayauchi is the upper back.

Hazumi is force created through motion. It can be translated as momentum. However, this does not reflect the special use as specialized terminology in Judo. In Judo, "tori's motion is imparted to uke. It's source is centered movement by tori, involving general shintai and taisabaki. These are by their nature composite movements as opposed to isolated exertions of muscles as in ikioi." by Steve Cunningham.

Hazushi - avoidance, escape, release, or evasion.

Hazushi uke - removing block.

Hazusu - to remove.

Hebi - snake.

Hebi te - snake hand. The hand moves in a snake like motion.

Heian - peaceful mind. It was the period in Japanese history from 794 to 1192 C.E.

Heian Godan is a routine or kata meaning peaceful mind fifth step form. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Rokkyu.

Heian Nidan is a routine or kata meaning peaceful mind second step form. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Shichikyu.

Heian Sandan is a routine meaning peaceful mind third step form. It is a requirement of Koyamakan Shichikyu.

Heian Shodan is a routine or kata meaning peaceful mind beginning step form. This form was created by Yasutsune Itosu in 1901. It was renamed by his student Gichin Funakoshi. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Hachikyu.

Heian Yondan is a routine or kata meaning peaceful mind fourth step form. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Rokkyu.

Heike was the name given to the Taira family.

Heike Monogatari - the Tale of the Heike. It is the story of the fall of the Heike clan. It was composed about 1220 C.E.

Heiho - military strategy or principles.

Heiko - parallel.

Heiko dachi - parallel stance with the feet shoulder width. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Hachikyu.

Heiko zuki - parallel punch. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Gokyu.

Heishi was the term for conscripted infanty during the Yamato period.

Heisoku dachi - feet together stance with the heels and toes together. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Hachikyu.

Heki ryu was a martial arts lineage founded circa 1483 C.E. by Heki Danjo Masatsugu.

Henka - change or variation.

Henka waza - variation technique.

Henso jutsu - the techniques of disguise and impersonation. It is one of the skills taught in nin jutsu.

Hera is the peg in the back of the hakama. It is inserted in the wide belt, kaku obi, worn to support weapons, to prevent the belt from sliding around the body.

Hi is the spleen.

Hi - secret.

Hi - to fly.

Hibara - the side of the body.

Hibuki - concealed weapons.

Hicho - flying bird.

Hicho no kamae - flying bird posture. In nin jutsu, it is used to describe their crane defensive stance.

Hichu is the windpipe.

Hidari,  - left

Hidari do - the left side of the body.

Hidari jigo tai - left defensive posture.

Hidari maki - left wrapped. This is reversed from normal. Therefore, it is used to mean crazy.

Hidari mawari - counter clockwise.

Hidari shizen tai - left natural posture.

Hiden - secret or concealed techniques. They are contained in the final instructional scroll in a traditional martial art style.

Hifu - lung air.

Higo Ko Ryu was a martial art style of naginata fighting.

Hiho - secret methods.

Hiji - elbow.

Hiji age - rising elbow. It is an elbow striking technique.

Hiji ate - elbow strike.

Hiji chudan ate - middle elbow strike. It is a requirement for Koyamakan karate Sankyu.

Hiji dori is an elbow grab attack.

Hiji garami - elbow entangling. It is a joint lock applied against the elbow.

Hiji jodan ate - upper elbow strike. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Sankyu.

Hiji nage - elbow throw. It is a throw done with a projection underneath uke's elbow. This throw is also known as tenbin nage.

Hiji ori - elbow break.

Hiji osae - elbow press.

Hiji renshu - elbow training.

Hijiri - a sage.

Hiji uke - elbow block.

Hiji waza - elbow technique(s).

Hiji zume is the atemi point inside the elbow.

Hiji zume is an alternative name for aikido's ikkyo.

Hijoji - emergency.

Hijoji tetsu da - emergency fall hit medicine. It is treatment for martial art injuries.

Hikan were low ranking attendants or personal retainers of the Ashikaga shogun.

Hiken juroppo are sixteen secret fist methods taught in nin jutsu.

Hiki - drawing, pulling in, or evading. It comes from hiku meand to pull.

Hikida Ryu was a martial art style of kenjutsu, sword fighting, created by Hikida Bungoro (1537-1606).

Hikimi - pulling the body back without shifting the feet.

Hiki nage - drawing throw.

Hikita Kage Ryu was a martial art style of kenjutsu, sword fighting, created by Hikita Kagekane (1573-1592).

Hiki te - the retracting (pulling and twisting) arm during a technique. It can be used as a pulling technique after grabbing the opponent. It provides a torque force to the other arm through reverse rotation. Hiki te produces movement in the opponent by linking the tori's seika tanden with uke's.

Hiki te uke - withdrawing hand block. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Yonkyu.

Hiki wake - a draw or tie in a contest

Hiki waza - drawing techniques. It is used to describe techniques performed while stepping back.

Hikizue gamae is a technique done by holding the staff with one end at the hip and the other end skimming the ground.

Hima - forehead.

Himo are the ties or cords on a practice uniform or a kendo helmut.

Hineri,  refers to turning something in its normal direction.

Hineri te - twisting hand, or applying a joint lock against the wrist.

Hinin is another term for eta.

Hioki Ryu was a martial art style of archery, kyujutsu.

Hira - flat, level, or even.

Hira jiro - plains castle. It - a fort built on flat ground. This is as opposed to a mountain castle, yama shiro.

Hira ken zuki - fore knuckle fist punch. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Shichikyu.

Hira no kamae - a one line receiving posture in nin jutsu.

Hira shuriken - flat bladed throwing knives.

Hira te - the foreknuckle.

Hira te - the open or flat hand, palm side.

Hira te uchi - a open handed strike, or a slap.

Hirayamajiro - plains mountain castle. It refers to a fort built on a rise that is surrounded by flatland.

Hiriki - elbow power.

Hiryuran - flying dragon confuser. In kyusho, vital points, it is used to describe the eyeballs.

Hishi - diamond.

Hishi were dried water chestnuts used as caltrops by the ninja.

Hiso ken - secret spear fist. It was a nin jutsu striking technique.

Hisui - the mineral jade.

Hitai - forehead.

Hito - a human being.

Hito e mi - the blending with the motion of an attack.

Hito emi - an equal stance with both feet parallel forward.

Hitori waza - invisible partner practice. Practicing by ones self.

Hitosashi ippon ken - forefinger knuckle one point fist. The fist is formed such that the index finger's middle joint knuckle protrudes forward providing a single hitting surface during a punch. The index finger is supported by the thumb.

Hiza - knee.

Hiza ate or Hiza uchi - knee strike. It is a requirement for Koyamakan Shichikyu. An example is found in Heian Yondan kata.

Hiza gamae - knee posture, kneeling on one knee.

Hiza gashira - kneecap.

Hiza geri - knee kick.

Hiza guruma - knee wheel. It is a Kodokan Judo throwing technique.

Hiza uke - knee block.

Hiza waza - knee striking technique(s).

Ho - direction or corner.

Ho - method.

Hodoki were nin jutsu methods of getting loose, getting untied, or escaping when captured.

Hogen - any dialect of Japanese. The Japanese islands have several dialects.

Hoi - encircling.

Hojo - binding or securing.

Hojo jutsu is the art of binding or tying up a prisoner or opponent with cords. It is found in various classical martial art schools. Jujutsu styles including hojo jutsu in their training include: Seigo Ryu, Seishin Ryu, Koden Enshin Ryu, Nanbu Handen Hojo Jutsu, Kurogawa Ryu, Kurama Yoshin Ryu, Mitsuo (Mippa) Muteki Ryu, Bo Ryu, and Tenfu Muso Ryu.

Ho jutsu is the art of firearms. Firearms were first introduced into Japan by the Portuguese in 1543. Ho jutsu concerns itself solely with the use and strategies of firearms. The early firearms were muskets imported by the Portuguese. Later, the Japanese made their own muskets. Firearms were the deciding factor in the overthrow of the Tokugawa Shogun in the Meiji Revolution of the 1860's. The imperial army's guns defeated the Shogun's sword carrying samurai.

Hoki Ryu was a martial art school featuring kenjutsu, iaijutsu, and kyujutsu.

Hoko - walking or stepping.

Hoko - military service, especially after 1590 C.E.

Hoko - encircling tiger. It is a nin jutsu technique.

Hoko - a spear.

Hokobu - Northern Okinawa.

Hoko no kamae - encircling tiger receiving posture. It is a nin jutsu fighting stance.

Hokusai Ryu was a martial art style of jujutsu. It began at the beginning of the 1700's C.E.

Hoku Shin Itoh Ryu - north star single sword school. It was a martial art school of sword fighting created about 1830 C.E. by Chiba Shusaku (1794-1855). It features the use of a straight bokken and the use of the naginata.

Hombu refers to the head office of an organization.

Hombu Dojo is a term referring to the headquarters or central dojo of an organization.

Hon - basic, original, fundamental, principal, main, foundation, or true.

Hone - bone.

Hone nashi - useless.

Hone sei - bone setting. An alternative term to hone setsu.

Hon gamae - basic posture or stance.

Hon gyaku - basic reversal. It is used in nin jutsu and jujutsu to describe a wrist reversal technique.

Hon haito uchi - basic ridge hand strike. It is a requirement for Koyamakan karate Hachikyu.

Hon jime - basic choke or strangle.

Honjin was the headquarters of a daimyo or general while on a campaign.

Honjin hatamoto was the samurai who was responsible for the guard of the field headquarters of a campaigning daimyo or general. He was the commander of a headquarters staff.

Honjo is a primary fort. The primary fort would be supported by satellite forts known as shijo.

Honkucho - the Northern court.

Honma Shinto Ryu was a kenjutsu, sword fighting, style created by Honma Masayoshi.

Hontai - true body. It implies the unattached to life or death and the aware of all of the surroundings state of a trained warrior. It is also used to mean main body.

Hontai - morality.

Hontai Takagi Yoshin Ryu is a jujutsu style.

Hontai Yoshin Ryu is a jujutsu style.

Hontei - true or basic hand. The holding or grasping of something with a natural grip.

Horagai is a conch shell used as a signaling device. It was used for battle field communications. It is used today for ceremonial purposes.

Horan No Kamae - egg in the nest ready posture. It is a posture used in some karate routines where the fist is covered by the other hand.

Hori is a water filled moat around a fort. It is intended to increase the difficulty of attacking the fort.

Horo was a type of cape armor worn during the Heian period. The exact purpose is not known today.

Hoshi - star. It is used in kyusho, vital points, to mean the nerve point near the armpit.

Hoshi - an arrowhead. It was also a term for a 16th century C.E. battle formation intended for attacking.

Hoshin Ryu is a martial art school featuring the use of the naginata.